India’s Supreme Court sets rules for shariah courts

A Muslim man prays during the holy fasting month of Ramadan at the Jama Masjid in the old quarters of Delhi July 1, 2014. 

India's 150 million Muslims follow their own laws governing family life and other personal issues such as marriage and divorce, with shariah courts used to rule on such matters and mediate in disagreements. – Reuters pic, July 7, 2014.India's Supreme Court today rejected a petition seeking to ban shariah courts, but stressed that they had no legal powers over Muslims and their decisions could not be enforced.

India's 150 million Muslims follow their own laws governing family life and other personal issues such as marriage and divorce, with shariah courts used to rule on such matters and mediate in disagreements.

The top court said that Islamic judges, who interpret religious law, could only rule when individuals submitted voluntarily to them and their decisions, or fatwas, were not legally binding.

"Shariah courts are not sanctioned by law and there is no legality of fatwas in this country," C.K. Prasad said today as he read out the judgement from a two-judge bench.

The different personal laws followed by India's religious minorities are a sensitive political issue. The new Hindu nationalist government is committed to bringing in a common legal code for all.

Vishwa Lochan Madan, who petitioned the Supreme Court to disband shariah courts, told AFP today that his demand had been rejected.

"The Supreme Court observed that shariah courts have no legal sanctity. But if people still want to approach these courts, it's their will," he said.

He filed his petition in 2005 and cited a case in which a woman was told to leave her husband and children and live with her father-in-law who had raped her.

"No religion is allowed to curb anyone's fundamental rights," the court added in its judgement while taking note of the case.

Qasim Rasool Niyazi, from the Muslim Personal Law Board, said the Supreme Court ruling vindicated his group's contention that shariah courts were not a parallel judiciary.

They issue notices which are not legally binding, he explained. "It is just like an arbitration," he told the NDTV channel, adding that qadis (Islamic judges) were required to follow the law of the land.

- TMI